In October 2018 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a stark warning: enact urgent measures to limit global warming within the next 12 years or irrevocably deplete the ecosystems that sustain human life on Earth.

By way of remedy, the IPCC has proposed reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases to ‘net zero’* by 2050. Yet in December, news landed that after a period of levelling out, carbon emissions were set to rise steeply in 2018.