General Simón Bolívar, along with the other libertadores Antonio José de Sucre and José de San Martín, ousted Spanish colonialism from Latin America in the early 19th century. They fought not just in their native lands but in neighbouring countries and for the continent as a whole.

After campaigning for Italian unification, Republican rebel Garibaldi fought as a soldier for progressive causes in Brazil and Uruguay. Abraham Lincoln invited him to command troops in the American Civil War (he declined partly because he suspected Lincoln’s commitment to ending slavery) and he was later elected to the French parliament.