The mood at the White House event was celebratory as Susan Rice, then national security advisor, introduced DREAMS – the latest US programme to reduce new HIV infections.

It was 1 December 2014, World AIDS Day, and Rice pointed to the success of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in helping 7.7 million people gain access to life-saving treatment since its launch in 2003. In the countries hardest hit by the virus, new cases had dramatically declined.